Human Resource Management - Management Approach to HRM Essay

Human Resource Management - Management Approach to HRM - Essay Example (Baird & Meshoulam, 1988). Historically there is a shift in the concepts and development of the field of human resource management over the period of time. What started as personnel management has now gradually transformed itself into the new realm of human resource management. The ideas of personnel management mainly seems to be contrasting with those of human resource management. The traditional view about the personnel management was of the view that the humans are only responsible for production and profits and personnel management largely envisioned the use of machines as manpower. Historically what is now considered as human resource management was something else. Over the period of time, related concepts and theories were known with different names and gradually transformed into HRM. HRM initially started with the name of Industrial Welfare. (Kaizelong, 2006). This was the first form of human resource management which was basically started with the advent of the labor unions. The initial focus was on the welfare of the factory labors. However it gradually evolved and culminated into the bigger concept of Personnel Management. The real focus on the personnel management started with the advent of industrial revolution where the need for qualified staff was badly felt especially due to the factor of division of labor. There exists a very subtle and minute element of distinction between human resources and personnel management. Both are considered as â€Å"process of getting things done through people†. (ACCEL TEAM, 2007). HRM now is considered as an inte grative approach in which a two-way linkage is assumed between the organizational strategy and individual needs of the employees on the other hand. The essence of HRM now is that the separate personnel actions are now consistently linked and integrated with the overall

Phases of vietnamese buddhism Essay Example for Free

Phases of vietnamese buddhism Essay The history of Buddhist education in Vietnam can be studied by dividing it into four separate phases or periods. The formation of Buddhism in Vietnam. This started from the common era and lasted till the end of Chinese dominion Climax of Buddhism. Buddhism was at its peak during the independence The decadence after the Le Dynasty Revival period. This started in the beginning of the 20th century and has not ended yet. The period before the Common Era lays the foundation for the beginning and development of Buddhist education in Vietnam. It was the time when Siddhartha Gautama, who will later attain enlightenment and will be called as ‘Buddha’ was born. As he was born in India, Indians were the first to learn Buddhism. Later when Buddhism came to China, many Chinese monks went to Vietnam in order to spread Buddhism. However, it believed that the Chinese and Indian merchants came to Vietnam for trading. They brought monks with them saying that the monks were the â€Å"calmer of the sea† These monks started preaching their religion in Vietnam. It was easy for them to teach their religion to many people at a time, as Luy-Lau, later known as Ha-Bac was the centre of all trading activities. All the merchants who came here to trade, and merchants who were travelling between India and China, stopped here to rest, therefore, monks were able to spread their religion very easily. Many missionary activities were started as a result. Monasteries were built and Buddhism became important. This was the first time ever in the history of Vietnam, that monasteries were built . The next period or phase proved to be best for Vietnamese Buddhism. In this period Buddhist studies were at their peak and many famous people and rulers converted to this religion. It was when King Dinh Tien Hoang came in to power. Buddhism has its own hierarchy of monks and priests who were accepted by the court. Buddhism was now supported by the royal court and this helped many positive changes to take place. Buddhists were now respected and were considered as learned people. They were asked advice by the royal court and the rulers before taking decisions. This helped them get involved in many political and religious decisions and hence providing many decisions to be taken according to them. This era truly proved to be the best for Buddhist studies and it became one of the most predominant religions. After this, many kings and emperors converted to Buddhism. Many laws came into practice in this era, which were influenced by Buddhism, and hence were in favor of the Buddhists. Van Hanh became a Buddhist in this period. He is known as the meditation master and has influenced many people to convert to Buddhism. Any ruler who was not Buddhists was at least the supporter of Buddhism and this was a very positive point for the Buddhists. In 1010 A. D, almost eight monasteries were built in Ha Bac. All other monasteries and Buddhist temples were also repaired. Tripitaka texts, which were in China initially, were brought in Vietnam. Thousands of Buddha statues and paintings were made and set up. Festivals were set up. Many new monasteries such as Sung Kharh monastery and monastery at Mount Ba were built. In 1086 A. d Dai Lam monastery was built in Ha Bac. Later in 1118 A. D Thien Phat was built which had almost 1,000 Buddha statues . BUDDHIST STUDIES The entire Buddhist education comes from the studies of Buddha, who is the supreme teacher. All of the studies root from saddha, which is the faith in triple Gem. Depdnding upon these studies the students are taught according to the five rules. The students should know the rules, their reason and their appliance in daily lives. Most importantly, they should appreciate all these rules and believe in them. The students should know what is generosity and self sacrifice. These are essential elements that help the students overcome their worldly desires, their selfishness and greed. These five moral rules are dependent on each other. A student can gain by suta, which is by extensive reading of Buddhism texts. According to Buddhist studies the knowledge of a person is dependent on his inside belief of truth i. e. Dhamma. Calm and insight are the two main elements of any Buddhist teaching. In Buddhist education tasks and wisdom are dependent on each other. A student can attain wisdom by deep investigation, discussion and intelligence. This wisdom was the basic instruments which lead Buddha to salvation. This wisdom is the crown of all educations of Buddhism. Without wisdom, education is incomplete. Before French, people were chosen based on their education. These were officials known as â€Å"mandarins†. Learning was very important in those times. It was not just education but it lead a person to intellectual understanding, social standing, wealth and power. Buddhism came directly from India, hence there are many words in Vietnamese Buddhism which are influenced or are taken directly from India. The word Buddha is also taken as it is. However, as the Vietnamese culture is influenced a lot from the Chinese, hence when Chinese monks came to Vietnam, the word Buddha was replaced by the word Phat. In those days, Buddhism in Vietnam was influenced by Theravada Buddhism. It was seen as religion which helped good people and punished the bad. It was very difficult to teach Buddhism at that time as very little literature was available. Vietnamese had no written script; hence a few translations were made in Chinese. The era between 544 and 602 was an independent era and was helpful in spreading Buddhism.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Essay -- Science Energy Power Papers

Hydrogen Fuel Cell The Hydrogen Fuel Cell could revolutionize the world. This ingenious technology, which creates electricity from the chemical reactions of hydrogen and oxygen has, in its 150-year history, passed many of the critical tests along the path from invention to innovation. Recent developments in fuel cell technology and concurrent developments within the energy and automotive industries have brought the world to brink of the fuel cell age and the hydrogen economy. The future is, however, inherently murky. Fuel cells still face significant technological, political and economic hurdles before they can realize their truly awesome potential. An examination of these hurdles, set to the backdrop of an explanation of the current state of the art in fuel cell technology and the current and developing economic and regulatory landscape, will provide insights into much touted future of the fuel cell. In the near future, the fuel cell will come to play a much more prominent role in the world energy economy. The extent to which this innovation will revolutionize the world will depend on any number of technological, economic and political factors. In order to understand the potential impact and resulting policy implications of the fuel cell, it is first necessary to explain the technology of the fuel cell. The fuel cell utilizes the chemical properties of hydrogen to produce an electrical current. "...[T]hey produce an electric current by intercepting the electrons that flow from one reactant to the other in an electrochemical reaction."1 Fuel cells require only a fuel containing hydrogen and oxygen, usually from atmospheric air, to produce electricity. A fuel cell that utilizes pure hydrogen produces this electricity le... ... Tax leads to burial at sea," New Scientist, 3 August 1996. "English Conference of the Parties," Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change." http://www.cnn.com/SPECICALS/1997/global.warming/stories/treat/index4.html "Cleaner Energy," The Economist. 18 April 1998. p17. Ibid. Ibid. "Climate Change Information Sheet 24," UNFCCC Climate Change Information Kit. http://www.unfccc.de/resource/iuckit/fact24.html "Emission Summary for CO2 in United States of America," United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change. 11/18/99. http://www.unfccc.de The Economist. 18 April 1998. New Scientist, 3 August 1996. "Fill'er Up: With Hydrogen," Reuters, 16 August, 1999. Available on Wired News, http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,21293,00.html. "Fuel cells meet big business," The Economist. 24 July 1999. Ibid Ibid

Mr. Blake’s views on Upon Westminster Bridge :: Westminster Bridge Poetry Essays

Mr. Blake’s views on Upon Westminster Bridge I read Mr Wordsworth’s poem. I was dismayed by his views on London. I was horrified when I read the first line. â€Å"Earth has not anything to show more fair,† I believed he would have experienced beautiful views since he was brought up in the Lake District. He obviously has not seen London in 1794. I have lived in London for many years of my life. I have seen people in poverty from the poorest parts of London to people in mansions the richest places. One day I was walking through the streets of London and it sprung upon me to write a poem. This is my view on the real London. I opened the poem with the line â€Å"I wonder through each chartered street† I used this word wandered to make it seem as if I was freely roaming the streets not knowing where I was or where I was going. As if I was lost down the back streets of London. Chartered street carry’s the mark of changed and revolutionised London. All the streets seemed dull and grim and had something mysterious about them. My second line was on the same theme as the first line first from it id talking about the Thames! â€Å"Near where the chartered Thames does flow,† in the first draft of this poem I wrote dirty Thames instead of â€Å"chartered Thames.† I changed because I felt that it would have more effect. Everywhere is dirty in London, but I am trying to say that everywhere is dull and grim; also as you are walking through the streets it is like deja vu. One of the most distinct things about London is how the people look and feel. My next two lines are, â€Å"And mark in every face I meet marks of weakness marks of woe† As l walked though the streets I could see no one was smiling. I actually felt sorry for some people. Nearly every person I met looked ill or suffered from malnutrition due to over working, low income, no food and poor living space. I used this stanza to emphasize my views and to make it sound more obvious, to paint a picture in the readers mind â€Å"In every cry of everyman â€Å" this next stanza is very strong and meaningful. A crying man is not often heard. Unless he is under real distress. Suffering is a very big theme in the street of London everywhere you walk you can see it in the stanza, I started the first three lines with â€Å"in every† to emphasize my point.

No More Guns

If you could invent something new, what product would you develop? Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed. Nowadays, most of people really need product that made their comfort or entertainment. If I could create something, I would like to invent solar car. It has many benefits to create because if people change a general car to be a solar car, the world would have more fuel; Expense would become less; the world would become a better place. Firstly, solar car does not need a fuel. In the future, if people still drive a general car, fuel would have no to find and then it would disappear to. Hence, solar car will is becoming essential for the future. Moreover, you can use money to pay for another thing instead of refilling a fuel. Thus, money in a bank will have more and more. Then, you can have money to use when the essential time will come. Finally, pollution will be lost because solar car not need a fuel to use. Unlike a general car that made air dirty. Air will become clean. Therefore, people will have a good health. Not only are good for the people but it also made the world become a better place. From the above, it is clear that why solar car will become important for people in the future. It is not use a fuel to be energy. It is saving your money to pay other things. Lastly, it is not too dangerous for human or nature.

Higher Learning essays

Higher Learning essays John Singletons Higher Learning was not only an extremely entertaining film, but one that dealt with many real life issues, such as: importance of college education, sexuality, racism, and social equality. Although there are many troubles that are created in this very intense and dramatic movie, there are barely any significant answers. This movie takes place at Columbus University and it focuses on the lives of three freshmen that have just entered the school. Malik (Omar Epps) is an African-American track star who is habitually challenged by sixth year senior Fudge (Ice Cube) and his fair-opinioned political science teacher Mr. Phipps (Lawrence Fishburne). Then there is Kristen (Kristy Swanson), who is a beautiful Orange County girl that is hauled in by a lesbian (Jennifer Connelly) after she is raped by a social contact. And then there is Remy (Michael Rapaport), who is a white male from Idaho whose inability to fit in anywhere leads him to a group of white supremacists. Although there are three separate stories going on throughout the movie, they are consistently linked in the sense of adolescent students attempting to find their right place, but sometimes, just like in real life, going down the wrong and immoral path. Remy adapts this idea of hate against anybody who isnt a white supremacist, especially African-Americans, and it unavoidably leads to violence. Remy grows in the sense that he finds a belonging with a group, even though the group is morally wrong. In the beginning of the movie Remy had a hard time fitting in with anybody. After Kristen is raped, she characterizes the young people of todays modern world by becoming mesmerized with the unique and unfamiliar, which in this case is lesbianism. And Malik, like a majority of young people without a sense of direction, plays the blame game and thinks nothing is his fault, even though he is blatantly not giving his bes...

A Character Sketch of Chaucers Knight Essays - The Canterbury Tales

A Character Sketch of Chaucer's Knight Essays - The Canterbury Tales A Character Sketch of Chaucer's Knight The Canterbury Tales A Character Sketch of Chaucer's Knight Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, written in approximately 1385, is a collection of twenty-four stories ostensibly told by various people who are going on a religious pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral from London, England. Prior to the actual tales, however, Chaucer offers the reader a glimpse of fourteenth century life by way of what he refers to as a General Prologue. In this prologue, Chaucer introduces all of the characters who are involved in this imaginary journey and who will tell the tales. Among the characters included in this introductory section is a knight. Chaucer initially refers to the knight as "a most distinguished man" (l. 43) and, indeed, his sketch of the knight is highly complimentary. The knight, Chaucer tells us, "possessed/Fine horses, but he was not gaily dressed" (ll. 69-70). Indeed, the knight is dressed in a common shirt which is stained "where his armor had left mark" (l. 72). That is, the knight is "just home from service" (l. 73) and is in such a hurry to go on his pilgrimage that he has not even paused before beginning it to change his clothes. The knight has had a very busy life as his fighting career has taken him to a great many places. He has seen military service in Egypt, Lithuania, Prussia, Russia, Spain, North Africa, and Asia Minor where he "was of [great] value in all eyes (l. 63). Even though he has had a very successful and busy career, he is extremely humble: Chaucer maintains that he is "modest as a maid" (l. 65). Moreover, he has never said a rude thing to anyone in his entire life (cf., ll. 66-7). Clearly, the knight possesses an outstanding character. Chaucer gives to the knight one of the more flattering descriptions in the General Prologue. The knight can do no wrong: he is an outstanding warrior who has fought for the true faithaccording to Chauceron three continents. In the midst of all this contenton, however, the knight remains modest and polite. The knight is the embodiment of the chivalric code: he is devout and courteous off the battlefield and is bold and fearless on it. In twentieth century America, we would like to think that we have many people in our society who are like Chaucer's knight. During this nation's altercation with Iraq in 1991, the concept of the modest but effective soldier captured the imagination of the country. Indeed, the nation's journalists in many ways attempted to make General H. Norman Schwarzkof a latter day knight. The general was made to appear as a fearless leader who really was a regular guy under the uniform. It would be nice to think that a person such as the knight could exist in the twentieth century. The fact of the matter is that it is unlikely that people such as the knight existed even in the fourteenth century. As he does with all of his characters, Chaucer is producing a stereotype in creating the knight. As noted above, Chaucer, in describing the knight, is describing a chivalric ideal. The history of the Middle Ages demonstrates that this ideal rarely was manifested in actual conduct. Nevertheless, in his description of the knight, Chaucer shows the reader the possibility of the chivalric way of life. how the hell do you work this thing?

An Analysis of the Healthy and Dangerous Ways of Weight Loss Essays

An Analysis of the Healthy and Dangerous Ways of Weight Loss Essays An Analysis of the Healthy and Dangerous Ways of Weight Loss Essay An Analysis of the Healthy and Dangerous Ways of Weight Loss Essay An Analysis of the Healthy and Dangers of Weight Loss Marisa Baraley Com/170 November 8 2011 Theresa Zangara An Analysis of the Healthy and Dangers of Weight Loss Although weight loss can be beneficial, researching the healthy a dangerous ways to approach weight loss can be both rewarding and deter mental to your health if you do not make the right choice. According to the CDC, obesity is the number one health threat here in America. More than one third of U. S. adults and 16% of children are found to be obese. Statistics show that 98% that lose weight the unhealthy way gain all the weight back plus more. What we do not realize is that there are healthy and dangerous ways and their similarities in results. It’s very important to be aware of the signs of weight loss. Just because you are losing weight does not mean it is a healthy way. In both healthy and dangerous ways you will begin to see a change in energy and decrease in weight. However, if you are not following a healthy diet and sufficient exercise program or work out, in the long run this will cause great damage to your organs and your body will begin to eat itself causing you to push your body harder with lack of energy. It you are serious about losing weight, and then I suggest doing it in a healthy way. Exercise is very important and effective for weight loss and weight maintenance. Exercise and eating healthy can also help prevent several diseases and improve your health. Nutrition experts highly recommend that you maintain a healthy eating habit than impatiently using crash diets in losing a certain amount of weight in a few days. Such diets are called fad diets, which do not include healthy eating habits. Dieting is eating food in a regulated way. Knowing what amount of calorie intake you should have per day is vital when attempting to lose weight. Such as a low-fat diet, this is the reduction of the amount of fat in one’s diet. Here calorie consumption is then there is decrease of fat because it is then consumed. Low-carbohydrate diets, such as Atkins and Protein power, are very high in protein. They restrict carbohydrate intake sufficiently, which cause Ketosis. Low-calorie diets produce a energy of 500-1000 of calories allowed per day, which is a result in short term loss of 8% body mass in 3-12 months losing 2. 2lbs a week. Very low calorie diet provides 200-800 calories allowed a day. Your body will start to feel starvation and produce and weekly weight loss of 5. 5lbs. This will cause your body to fight to preserve energy burning less fat and more muscle. The first step is setting the right goals and a healthy diet. These are the keys to a healthy relationship with food. Meaning you need to eat when you are hungry. This will then stabilize your body and its natural weight. You will start to see results in losing weight where it matters using adequate exercise and eating healthy. Dieting is a practice of eating food in a steady way to maintain a controlled weight. In most cases, dieting is used in a combination with physical exercise to lose weight in those who are obese or overweight. Weight loss involves the loss of fat, muscle and water. When you’re trying to lose weight, your goal is to reduce the percentage of body fat. A decrease in body fat is the reduction of body mass due to a loss of fluid, bone mineral deposits, tender muscle and connective tissue. As you begin to change your diet you will start seeing a change of energy and a decrease in weight. Proper nutrition is foods that provide nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, dietary minerals fat’s, and water. Carbohydrates are metabolized to provide an abundance of energy. Proteins provide amino acids, which are for cell construction for muscle cells. Fatty acids are required for brain and cell membrane construction. Vitamins and trace minerals help to keep good electrolyte balance which are then used for metabolic processes. Besides the importance of eating a balanced diet that includes all necessary nutrients, create attainable goals with the amount of weight that you would like to lose. By changing the way you go about eating can make it easier to eat less without feeling deprived. It takes about 15 minutes for your brain to get the message that you have eaten a meal. ( faama. org ) By eating slowly, chewing each bite at least 30 times before swallowing will help you to become fuller faster. Eating fruits and vegetables can make you feel fuller. Another good way is to use a smaller plate, so that you can moderate your portions to appear not so small to your brain . ( http://en. wikipedia. org) Eat moderately, exercise, and eat foods that have nutritional value and satisfy your taste buds. If you do follow an attainable plan to lose weight, you will successfully lose weight and be healthy. In all reality with dieting, you need to definitely research the many diets out there, not for your looks but for your health and make weight loss a healthy lifestyle and not a diet. After analyzing the difference between the healthy and dangerous ways of weight loss I have to definitely change my eating and exercise lifestyle. As I was doing research on my weight loss, I saw myself as a teen struggling with my weight. For years I have been struggling with my weight. When I was younger, looks were important. And I can remember times when I would starve myself because I wanted to be liked and to be able to wear the clothes that I wanted. I felt like an outcast because of my weight. I was always told you have a pretty face if only you would lose some weight. I then became obsessed with losing weight by using diet pills and drinks. So very unhealthy, but I had known knowledge of the dangers with the choices I was making in losing weight. I did lose weight but as soon as I stop taking diet pills I then gained more weight back including what I had loss. Today I am more concerned with my health and have knowledge of the healthy and dangerous ways in losing weight. I am going to change my lifestyle around completely by eating healthy, exercising daily and taking vitamins.

ANALYSIS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ANALYSIS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION - Essay Example A Commissioner can be responsible for policy areas that belong to different DGs. Cabinet portfolios are basically function-based. National officials are invited by the Commission to participate on expert and advisory committees in the preparatory stages of a policy process. They attend as area experts, and do not formally represent their governments (Docksey and Williams, 1997, p. 141). Interest group participation is functionally based. The geographical principle is apparent in several respects. At the apex of the organization, the College of Commissioners is comprised of persons proposed by the member governments. They are served by personal secretariats that are composed of compatriots of the respective commissioners. For the Commission services, the recruitment of officials is drawn from national quotas but merit criteria is also applied. The EU has 27 member countries. ... (since 2004-05-01), Lithuania (since 2004-05-01), Luxembourg (EUR), Malta (since 2004-05-01) (EUR: 2008-01-01), the Netherlands (EUR), Poland (since 2004-05-01),Portugal (EUR), Romania (since 2007-01-01),Slovakia (since 2004-05-01) (EUR: 2009-01-01), Slovenia (since 2004-05-01) (EUR) , Spain (EUR), Sweden (since 1995-01-01) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. III. Economic Total Value of Trade The EU has a tremendous trading partnership with various countries in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP). The total value of EU trade with the ACP countries reached approximately 80 billion for 2007. The breakdown of trade transactions reflected figures of EU importation worth 40.2 billion and EU export figures of 39.7 billion. For the African countries, the EU is their largest trading partner.In terms of trade composition, the profile of key products which are currently traded are as follows: the ACP countries export petroleum (42% of total exports), cocoa beans, (5%) and diamonds (5%). The EU exports machinery (22%), oil (11%), vehicles (7%), boats (7%), and medicines (3%). The EU also poured considerable foreign direct investment to the ACP countries which had increased from 1,922 million in 1996 to 4,319 million in 2002. This value of investment represents approximately 3.3% share out of the total investment outflows of the EU.In terms of foreign direct investment breakdown, foreign dirext investment flows to ACP Africa peaked from 1,532 million in 1995 to 2,799 million in 2002. Hence, the ACP has increasingly become a destination for investment by the EU.According to EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson (2008), the continued prosperity of Europe hinges on business certainty, tariff predictability,

The new age religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The new age religion - Essay Example People feel more comfortable and more willing to do something if there is scientific evidence to back up the results. Scientology, crossing the boundaries of religion and science, offers both religious experience and scientific results. Science and religion are two vastly different concepts. Science is based primarily on fact and thoughts and ideas that can be proven with concrete evidence. In science, something is not real unless there is definite, unchangeable evidence. Concepts start as theories, but then they are agreed upon once they have been proven without a doubt. On the other hand, religion is entirely based on faith. Regardless of whether or not something can be proven, people are liable to believe certain concepts when they trust their intuition. Though many people can argue that there is no proof for the existence of God, those that believe in Him claim that proof is not needed when faith is present. Globalization is the process by which cultures and societies become integrated though communication. Though globalization is more commonly connected with economics and politics, religion is not exempt from the process. Atheism, for example, has been spread throughout the world due to globalization. As a belief that there is no higher deity, atheism has become a welcome theory to people that do not want to mess with the concepts of gods and organized religions or otherwise do not believe in them. Atheism originated in France, but, due to globalization, has made its way to the belief systems of many Americans, as well as hundreds of thousands throughout the rest of the world. Secularism is the belief that the government, or the state, should be separate from religion. For example, the United States is a country that believes and practices the separation of state from religion. Church has no place in public and government locations, such as schools or courthouses. It is better that states are

Avon Products Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Avon Products - Research Paper Example In order to adapt to the fast changing world that will ensure that it will thrive in business, there are different issues that need to come into consideration so that the company does not struggle unnecessarily to survive (Scheiner, 2008). Changes in an organization depend on differ factors that regulate the different things that cause determine its performance and it may include the nature of business, the change itself and the people that are involved in the change. Various things prompt change and therefore, organizational change can be explained from different perspectives according to different models of change that could be relevant in the organization and its environment. In organization of a company, need for change can develop as a result of increased need change on the environment, increased in the number of workers in an organization or the change of the organization strategy that triggers a change in involvement of different people in the organization to the process of ex ploitation of the environment. On the other hand, a change in the organization may result from a change in the organizational management team, which may mean introduction of a new member or more than one in it. In Avon Inc, there were changes in the leadership of the company in which the chairman’s post came under another person who had different perspective of the business than the former CEO. This is one cause of the change that happened in the company in which different strategies of operation came up for the company to ensure that it regain its success in the business. This meant that the employees of Avon Company had to adjust to the new ways of organization of the company as could be directed by a new management leader, which would mean that all the systems would feel the effect. The new chairman in Avon Inc bore the responsibility to instill different modes of motivation and commitment to the organizational change in the company so that all of the employees could maxim ize on their participation and ensure productivity (Bosworth, 2005). Avon experienced stiff competition from other rival companies like the L’Oreal and Revlon who were being better placed in the market and were taking the advantage of the failure of the company. This triggered change in Avon Company because the rise of competitors in the threatened its profitability and created a need to develop a means to address the rising change in the organizational structure. To respond to this issue, people went into the different issues of implementing the changes in the organization so that it can improve the effectiveness and the efficiency of the company’s systems of productions (McCracken, 2006). Another thing that necessitated change in Avon Inc is the withdrawal of the partnering organization that led to reduction to the company’s potential to win its former customers and this made some customers to defect from the company. For example, the withdrawal of Coty from t he business with Avon Inc led to a reduction in the shares returns which reduced by more than a quarter. This meant that

Career Services and Placement are major Components to connect students Lab Report

Career Services and Placement are major Components to connect students between the academic program and the workplace - Lab Report Example One of the key factors is knowing how to market the students. For example, Liberal Arts is such an encompassing major that personnel learned to explain to prospective employers that the students would be highly trained in "communication, teamwork, and critical thinking skills" (189). According to Nell, studies showed that students who mastered these three attributes retained their jobs longer, and were promoted more quickly. This was a salient point for prospective employers. Also, a class was created called Transitions from College to Work, and made mandatory for all upcoming Liberal Arts graduates. The university was pleased with its results, and Nell quoted one official as saying, "We believe that we have illustrated a model for any institution to use, regardless of size, organizational structure, or resources" (192). Most placement departments intend to stay competitive, and use a variety of means to do so. In "Jump-Starting the Job Search," Tricia Bisoux writes that many departments dedicate at least one person "solely to corporate relations" (24). She added that good departments also "increase their travel time and visit companies throughout the year to stay in contact" (24). In "B In "Business Unusual," V. Scott Koerwer and Cherie A. Scricca interviewed employees of Robert H. Smith School of Business. The school was losing ranking in placement of graduates because "our connections were still not deep enough to satisfy our graduates' job expectations" (24). The Smith School decided to join forces with a job search firm to increase placement rates. In "Year Up's Success," Anne Lewis chronicles the help given to students attending Cambridge College. Her take is simple: "A career service manager helps students with job placement, career development, and higher education applications" (7). The program, Year Up, is meeting placement and wage markers since it began in 2000. How Successful Do Placement Programs Have to Be It might bear asking if college students should need so much help securing employment. The general consensus, though, is that students do need the extra attention paid to their post-collegiate success. In "The Flogging of For-Profit Colleges," Richard P. Hassler discusses proprietary institutions, and how the students are seen as customers to be served. Therefore, career services must take on the dual role of serving the customer, as well as employers. Hassler writes, "These departments not only assist graduates and attending students with job placement, but also help current and prospective employers understand the benefit of hiring students from that school," (72). Andreas Walmskey, Rhodri Thomas, and Stephanie Jameson agree. In "Surprise and Sense Making: Undergraduate Placement Experience in SMEs," they write, "Focusing on placement impacts on future career choices," (361) meaning that students are more likely to choose majors that show success in employment. In "Get a Job," Joh n Savarese writes that the most important instructors are the "counselors at the campus's Career Services center" (66). Since it is

Alternative Fuel Company Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alternative Fuel Company Case - Research Paper Example This predictive model is deemed to encompass both the recent and the earlier demand for the goods. The moving average model is the most obvious model here since the data given is that which is deemed to produce units demanded for the previous years. Since the predictive model uses the historical data for its analysis, it forms the best model for this type of analysis (Sharma, 2009). The reasoning behind this calculation is that the company sales each year represent the amount of units that the consumer will need each year. this is accentuated by the fact that the demand for these goods are deemed to be having positive correlation with the company’s units that they are suppose to produce (Crum, & Palmatier, 2003). Given this sense of reasoning, it is evident that the previous trend in the sales could be used in making sure that the company predicts its demand in the most favorable way. The sales department expects the growth in Year four to more closely resemble the average growth experienced in the last two years. Predict the number of units expected in Year Four. Discuss whether you would recommend this quantity as the manufacturing plan or the quantity found using the simple three year moving average in step two and why. From the two predictions of the two prospects of sales in units, the second prediction looks more accurate than the first one. This is because the second method of calculation inculcates the inter year growth of these sales in units. It is also a fact that the company is deemed to produce more using the second prediction model since this require the availability of higher amount of units than the company that would cater for any shortages that might be brought in (Artis, 2012). In Year Three, one fourth of the production was sold in China. The marketing department has just learned of a new tax that will be imposed on all luxury imports into China beginning in Year Four. It is expected that this will

Career Services and Placement are major Components to connect students Lab Report

Career Services and Placement are major Components to connect students between the academic program and the workplace - Lab Report Example One of the key factors is knowing how to market the students. For example, Liberal Arts is such an encompassing major that personnel learned to explain to prospective employers that the students would be highly trained in "communication, teamwork, and critical thinking skills" (189). According to Nell, studies showed that students who mastered these three attributes retained their jobs longer, and were promoted more quickly. This was a salient point for prospective employers. Also, a class was created called Transitions from College to Work, and made mandatory for all upcoming Liberal Arts graduates. The university was pleased with its results, and Nell quoted one official as saying, "We believe that we have illustrated a model for any institution to use, regardless of size, organizational structure, or resources" (192). Most placement departments intend to stay competitive, and use a variety of means to do so. In "Jump-Starting the Job Search," Tricia Bisoux writes that many departments dedicate at least one person "solely to corporate relations" (24). She added that good departments also "increase their travel time and visit companies throughout the year to stay in contact" (24). In "B In "Business Unusual," V. Scott Koerwer and Cherie A. Scricca interviewed employees of Robert H. Smith School of Business. The school was losing ranking in placement of graduates because "our connections were still not deep enough to satisfy our graduates' job expectations" (24). The Smith School decided to join forces with a job search firm to increase placement rates. In "Year Up's Success," Anne Lewis chronicles the help given to students attending Cambridge College. Her take is simple: "A career service manager helps students with job placement, career development, and higher education applications" (7). The program, Year Up, is meeting placement and wage markers since it began in 2000. How Successful Do Placement Programs Have to Be It might bear asking if college students should need so much help securing employment. The general consensus, though, is that students do need the extra attention paid to their post-collegiate success. In "The Flogging of For-Profit Colleges," Richard P. Hassler discusses proprietary institutions, and how the students are seen as customers to be served. Therefore, career services must take on the dual role of serving the customer, as well as employers. Hassler writes, "These departments not only assist graduates and attending students with job placement, but also help current and prospective employers understand the benefit of hiring students from that school," (72). Andreas Walmskey, Rhodri Thomas, and Stephanie Jameson agree. In "Surprise and Sense Making: Undergraduate Placement Experience in SMEs," they write, "Focusing on placement impacts on future career choices," (361) meaning that students are more likely to choose majors that show success in employment. In "Get a Job," Joh n Savarese writes that the most important instructors are the "counselors at the campus's Career Services center" (66). Since it is

Business Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Plan - Term Paper Example We exhibit a more consumer friendly corporate persona, which makes us more attractive for an economy conducive to socially responsible business ethics. Hence we offer â€Å"green† products and services that are environmentally safe. This helps our company define further separate ourselves as an identity unique from our competition. The current market for our products can be easily converted to our firm because we offer competitive products that offer unique advantages for our customers, their customers, and the environment. We predict that we will be able to reach a global consumer base of satisfied and loyal customers that could permanently establish our company as a major shareholder in the industry. Business Description Clean Wheels has the potential to be one of the leading car wash companies in the area. The market is becoming increasingly stagnant as the market for stand alone brick and motor car washes dominate the industry. Our business structure utilizes a nationalize d networking system where we are able to independently contract workers in different parts of the U.S. to wash peoples cars on demand at their specific locations. These washes can occur while they are at work or at home. This makes access to convenient car washes more accessible. The most interesting aspect of this company is that it is able to outsource the major cost of equipment to the individual contractors who will fulfill the service. While the company merely maintains a website and call center to process the orders for washes, the network that the site leverages helps decrease the overhead cost. The internet is growing as a medium for individuals to shop through which poses a significant business opportunity to our company. By capitalizing on generating leads, we are capable of creating a new layer in the existing market which allows us to profit from the logistical centralization of the sales framework. Moreover, we are going to mandate that our drivers use specific soaps an d cloths in order to represent the overall branding strategy of going green. Consumers are increasingly loyal to companies that make attempts to respect the environment amid fears of reaching a point of no return. Industry and Market Analysis Market Summary: The national market for car wash companies is becoming increasingly competitive as the industry becomes consolidated in major markets and segmented where there are lower population numbers. Moreover, the internet is becoming a major destination for shoppers. Especially for affluent individuals who are likely to be the heavy users of the service that we provide. While our end user is the consumer who gets their car detailed, our direct customers are the contractors who are going to wash the cars. This makes our company increasingly dynamic in terms of our ability to create competition within different regions by allowing individuals to bid for our contracts. Market Demographics The profile for Soapy Rides' target customer consist s of the following geographic,   demographic, and behavior factors: Demographics Male:   female- 63%: 37%.   The reason for this discrepancy in the male to female   ratio is due to the fact that men on average care more about   their automobiles.   The data indicates that men are more likely to dedicate a portion of the budget to their cars with   accessories. Additionally they are more likely to

Analysis of Comments on a New York Times Article Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Comments on a New York Times Article Essay The article, â€Å"Forced From Executive Pay to Hourly Wage,† which was written by Michael Luo and was published in the New York Times last February 28, 2009, basically told the story of people who used to earn five or six-figure amounts per year, are now being paid hourly minimum wages. One example in the article was the case of Mark Cooper, who used to earn $70,000 as a security manager for Fortune 500 Company in the United States and who oversees a budget of $1. 2 million. Nine months ago, he lost his job and now he is earning $12 an hour in his job at his friend’s janitorial services company. Although the article itself is appealing enough, it is also interesting to note the readers’ comments about it. As of now, there are 300 comments about the article and upon reviewing most of them, it can be surmised that each reader who commented had significantly different viewpoints and opinions about the story told in the New York Times article. Evidently, these readers adhere to different moral codes which are seen through their responses. In general, the readers who commented on the article can be divided into two groups: one group lauded the brave act of Mark Cooper while the other criticized the style of writing and the subtle message that New York Times writer used in the article. One of the reader’s who praised the article story admired the courage of Mr. Cooper as he was able to lower his pride and found ways to provide for his family even if it means that he has to scrub toilets and have his salary dramatically reduced from five figures to an hourly wage without any benefits. In a sense, this group highly regarded the value of hard work and starting all over again in a dignified way. Most of their comments basically indicated that Mr. Cooper is not alone and that there are hundreds of Americans who have similar â€Å"riches to rags† stories. These readers, based on their comments, also believed that there is no shame being poor as long as one has a dignified and lawful job. On other hand, the other group of readers who commented on the article criticized the New York Times for insinuating that those who work blue-collar jobs are lower forms of human beings than those who work white-collar ones. They see the article as discriminating to Americans who have been living their lives below the poverty line for a long time even before the current economic crisis. For example, one reader lamented that article more or less showed that a $12-an-hour job is an indecent way of living, which is not true. In addition, one reader did not feel sorry for Mr. Cooper and commented that he had a lot to be thankful for because he lives in an above average house and was able to live a rich life. To this reader, the economic crisis makes everyone in America equal because they are struggling to make ends meet. However, what’s common in all the readers’ responses is that they could all relate to the difficulties experienced by the people depicted in the article. In fact some of the readers, who are evidently from different walks of life, shared their own stories in their comments. In other words, the single factor that binds all the readers who commented is the hardship brought about by the financial crisis in America. In a way, the article’s comments show two things: one is that there are a lot of Americans who are so used to a good life that they are seemingly caught off-guard when a devastating financial crisis like this hits them and the other is that due to the crisis, most Americans would be willing to take on any job just to survive. But the comments also indicated that Americans are more unified in achieving a common goal which is to recover from the devastating effects of the crisis and rebuild their lives. Works Cited Luo, Mark. â€Å"Forced From Executive Pay to Hourly Wage. † 28 February 2009. New York Times. 4 March 2009 http://www. nytimes. com/2009/03/01/us/01survival. html? pagewanted=1_r=2sq=executive%20janitorst=csescp=1.

The Serious Dangers Of Using Facebook English Language Essay

The Serious Dangers Of Using Facebook English Language Essay After reading countless of hubs that talk about the joys and features of using facebook. Some pointing out the ways on how you can market and network on there, while others talk about some of the interesting features like the games and stuff. Indeed, it seems Facebook has become the largest online social network in the world, even over its competitor Myspace that was originally the first online social network. However, Facebook has mastered Myspaces concept and turned into something more. Now, with a new film coming out called, Social Network, it seems Facebook is well on its way to becoming almost as big of a site as Google. However, with all good things, theres also a lot of dangers people arent aware of on Facebook that they need to know. Sure, other hubs will tell you about the joys and features Facebook promises but in this hub, youll find out the cons to using Facebook and what steps you can do to protect yourself online. http://s1.hubimg.com/u/3842068_f520.jpg http://s2.hubimg.com/u/3842081_f520.jpg FBI Wiretapping In light of the horrific events of 9/11, the government started wiretapping certain phone lines and internet networks to monitor certain people that might be involved in terrorist activities. Therefore, you shouldnt post anything on Facebook that might be deemed questionable, even if you were only saying it as a joke. Seriously, just joking around with people, on your public Facebook page, about a bomb OR saying how you wish you could blow up or physically hurt someone, can be used against you. As the FBI according to various sources on MSN and yahoo, claim that the FBI has several dummy accounts online, and Facebook is one of them. This brings me up to my next point, everyone you meet on Facebook, unless you met them face to face, not all of them are going to be who you claim they are. Therefore, if you admit to something illegal to a person you just met that same day on Facebook, then that person could put out a warrant for your arrest, as he/she might be an FBI agent spying on you. Thats right. FBI agents do have dummy accounts on Facebook so unless your absolutely sure the person your talking to is trustworthy, then its probably not a good idea to tell this person anything more than they need to know about you. Nor is it a good idea to use questionable humor even if you dont mean it like, hey lets go out and smoke some weed. Yeah, just pray the guy/girl your talking to isnt an FBI agent if you say that, as your so going to jail for even joking about something like that. http://s2.hubimg.com/u/3842129_f520.jpg http://s1.hubimg.com/u/3842132_f520.jpg http://s4.hubimg.com/u/3842135_f520.jpg Stalkers and Child Predators As I said earlier, not everyone online is who they say they are.   Thats why this is extremely important to remember.   As the film, Social Network, suggests, Facebook was originally designed for people to check up and keep in touch with their friends.   Although you dont necessarily have to limit the number of friends you have on Facebook to just the people you know in real life, but you can add anyone you might meet online as well.   Heck, some groups use Facebook to do online networking like indie bands or even hubpage users on hubpages.   This is why you should be careful of what you say online.   Sure, you can always resolve this issue easily by setting your profile from public to private when you adjust your settings.   This way only your friends that are on your Facebook page will see all your posts, and it might be best to only add people that you know in real life.   However, if you like to use Facebook for online networking for your hubs and other affiliated sites, then please be careful not to give away anything specific like your address, full name, or even where your going on vacation.    Trust me, according to various online reports, stalkers and child predators do monitor public Facebook pages so if you say something along the lines ofHey, me and my four year old son are going to go to the central park zoo, in Philadelphia at 3:00 p.m, then your just asking for trouble.   You might as well just say, Hey, any of you muggers, rapist, pedophiles and serial killers want us, then meet us at the central park zoo, in Philadelphia at three.   You see how that works?   Therefore, you should never give away anything specifically about yourself online that would allow a dangerous person to follow you.   Sure, if you want to keep your Facebook page public because your trying to promote your indie band, and you want to have complete coverage of your shows and tours for your fans, then thats fine.   Just dont give away anything too personal that would allow a stalker to follow you like what specific hotel you might be staying at on tour, or a mailing address.   If you must put an address to receive fan mail, then list an e-mail or a P.O. Box.   This way, you can still receive fan mail, without the dangers of people knowing where you live.   Ã‚      http://s4.hubimg.com/u/3895783_f520.jpg http://s1.hubimg.com/u/3895784_f520.jpg http://s2.hubimg.com/u/3895785_f520.jpg Burglars and Robberies This brings me to my next point, robberies. Its no secret that burglars will often scout neighborhoods for which homes have the most money, as well as the ones that are the safest to rob. In fact, most burglars will never rob a house that has a big dog protecting it or if they know theres a strong possibility of getting caught, as burglars dont want to risk getting hurt. This is just another reason why you should never put your full address or name on Facebook, as it only makes it easier for burgulars to find out where you live and monitor your house frequently, to figure out the best times to rob you. Of course, it doesnt help when you type down your schedule on social networks like Hey Al, Im going to be leaving out of town tomorrow on business. I wont be back for about a week, so Ill call you later when I get back. Well, thats just asking for even more trouble right there. As you might as well say something like, Hey, any of you want to rob my house while Im gone, then feel free to, as Ill be gone for a whole week. You get the picture? Hence, you should never leave your schedule on Facebook, nor your full name and address, as thats just asking for trouble. Then again, as I said before, you can always set your Facebook account to private to avoid the issue entirely but if you like having a public profile for networking your business or hubs, then it might be best not to disclose your schedule on Facebook. However, since I know many people use Facebook to promote their charity events and/or indie bands, and may need to put up schedules to organize their events. Or in the case of indie bands, theyll probably want to give their fans places where to catch some of their concerts, which is understandable. The only advice I can give you if thats the case, then just dont put down your home address or full name. This way, you can still give your fans and audience what they want and need to see you, without compromising your safety or valuables. http://s1.hubimg.com/u/3842160_f520.jpg http://s4.hubimg.com/u/3842163_f520.jpg http://s3.hubimg.com/u/3842198_f520.jpg http://s4.hubimg.com/u/3914415_f520.jpg Dont Say Or Post Anything That Could Be Used Against You On Facebook Have you ever read the funny posts people put up on their Facebook pages? You know the ones that say things like, Im calling in sick because I just dont feel like it, so Im going to go smoke some pot, or something like, I hate my freaking job, and my boss is damn moron that I wish he would drop dead. You know the ones Im talking about, right? Well, regardless of how you feel about your job, the reality is we all work out of necessity or most of us anyway. Therefore, you should never say or post anything on Facebook that could incriminate you in anyway. As employers often use Facebook to determine which employees to fire and who to hire. Yes, employers do use Facebook to check up on their employees, according to various online reports on yahoo. Like there was one report of a woman getting canned from a restaurant just for complaining about customers, and another one about how an emergency dispatcher was fired for posting drug use on Facebook. Click on here if you want to read more about it. Sure, I know theres probably a lot of people who called in sick in the past that werent really sick (you know who you are), but they called in due to an emergency or they were just fatigued. Thats understandable. However, if your employer reads that, then it could constitute grounds for you to get fired or get into serious trouble. Its essentially the equivalent if you called in sick to see a movie with your boyfriend/girlfriend, and your boss saw you that same day you called in. What do you think would happen if he caught you? Well its basically the same thing if you post it online publicly. Of course like the last topic, you could always set your profile to private and avoid this issue. This way if you do put some posts similar to the ones I just gave you, then nobody will see it except for your friends and your boss will never have to know. Unless, theyre already on your friends list, then your probably screwed if you do. However, if theyre not, theres nothing obligating you to add them. If they send you a friend request, you can always decline it, and legally they cant hold it against you at all. After all, your free to add anyone you like on Facebook as your friend, and theres nothing in a job description that requires you to be friends with your employer online. If your employer asks why, you can always say because you like to keep your relationships at work professional. You may not like your job and hate your boss but unless you have a private profile on Facebook, then its best to keep your mouth shut online about that. After all, you wouldnt want to give your boss any leverage to use to fire you if your not already in hot water with him/her as it is. Secondly, if your involved in illegal activities like illegal use of drugs, illegal immigration or whatever (NOT THAT I CONDONE SUCH ACTIONS, AS I DONT SUPPORT ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES), then the worst thing you can do is post it on Facebook. Not only can your boss legally fire you for posting that online, but he can also report you to the local authorities over it. However, if you like to use Facebook for a lot of online networking for your hubs, indie bands, or sites that you put up, then just be mindful of what you say. AND, make sure your friends dont post anything that could be incriminating either. As anything they post like, Hey, your right, your boss is a douche and thanks for calling in sick so we could go pick up some girls/guys, can AND will be used against you if your employer reads it. Hence, make sure your friends understand this as well if you have a public profile not to post anything you dont want to be used against you. After all, anything you say about your boss or company that you work for can and will be used against you by your employer. Dont think because its Facebook and that your talking to your friends on there, that your entitled to say what you want. Besides, if your profile is public, everyone can see everything you type too along with your friends. Therefore, you need to be very careful about what you post on your p ublic profile and if you must talk to one of your Facebook friends, then its often best to do so using the instant messenger Facebook provides. Normally, on the bottom right corner of your Facebook screen, after youve logged in, you can click on the chat icon. Once you click it, itll show you which of your friends are online, then you can click on the name of your friend that you wish to talk to. Once you do that, everything you and this friend say to each other will not show up on Facebook, and youll be able to talk privately. http://s2.hubimg.com/u/3842181_f520.jpg http://s3.hubimg.com/u/3842182_f520.jpg Hackers Do I really need to elaborate on this?   Look, its no secret that we all forget our passwords to various sites.   It happens.   However, you should never leave like a clue on your profile that any hacker could figure out.   Again, if you choose to have a public profile (as private ones wont have this issue), then no matter how clever you think your little password hint is, its never a good idea to have it on your public profile.   Even if you dont even say its part of your password, and your password is some answer to a riddle you put up on your profile.   Chances are, a hacker will try to figure it out.   Leaving a password clue on your profile, no matter how cleverly hidden, will still give a hacker ample room to try to hack into your account.   Once they do, we could be looking at not only the issue of your account getting hacked, but its a good way to have your identity stolen online.   Therefore, if you must have a password hint written somewhere, then write it on a piece of paper and put it somewhere safe.   Or you can do what I do, just make it an easy to remember password that only YOU would know or even remember that you use frequently. http://s1.hubimg.com/u/3842216_f520.jpg Final Thoughts Look, I hope this hub doesnt discourage folks from using Facebook, as it can a be wonderful site.   Seriously, its not only a great way to make new friends, but its also a great place to keep in touch with old ones.   Heck, you can even use it to build up your social networking to promote your business or hubs on there.   However, it also has its flaws and can potentially hurt you if your not careful.   Thats why you should never post anything too personal on Facebook that could potentially get you hurt either financially or physically.   Sure, we may all hate bosses sometimes, but you should never publicly say anything on a website where it could cost you; your job.   Or anything that could lead a predator to find you and your child.   Trust me, Facebook is an easy tool that can be used against you if your not careful with it.   Its like Uncle Ben said when Spider-Man made his debut in Marvel Comics: With great power, comes great responsibility.

On The Waterfront, Terry Malloy :: Movie, Film Analysis

Terry Malloy as a â€Å"Hero†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Terry Malloy was first introduced, he did not make any indications that he would strive for the respect that he gained throughout the story. His tough-guy behavior and compassionate attitude has made him what he is: a hero. He never revealed what he was truly made of or what he was capable of. He always had low self-esteem about himself—repeatedly calling himself a â€Å"bum.† Despite his stubbornness to change and his ignorance to others, Malloy proves himself by doing what he knows is right to be a true hero.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the whole film, Malloy displayed himself as a bum. He rarely works, and he is a has-been boxer. Others occasionally criticize him about his boxing career; explaining to him that he was no good. Because a lot of the criticism got to Terry’s head, he was unable to associate with others. This proves so with the relationship he has with Edie Doyle. He is barely able to hold the relationship with Edie, even though she is the one whom Terry loves so much. Up to this point, Malloy does not display himself as a hero, or even close to being one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Malloy put himself to the test, he rarely came out successful. This all changed when he saw the death of his brother, Charlie the Gent. Malloy decided to stand up for what he knew was right and went to speak with Johnny Friendly face to face. As the scene unfolded, the depiction of Malloy being a hero was relevant. He stood up for his brother, and his girlfriend. He knew what the outcome would be if he confronted the â€Å"hoods,† yet he did what he had to do for the people on the dock, and above all, for the people he cared about the most; and for this, he gained the respect and loyalty that he deserved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the film progressed, Malloy’s character seemed to have changed. He became more sensitive towards Edie, and he stuck with his wits and testified against his own former friends, â€Å"the hoods.† But with every good thing, there must be something bad that comes out of it. When Malloy lost the respect of his co-workers and friends by testifying against the hoods, he became a target for blame that the people of the town needed to show that they were still behind the hoods. Yet when Malloy went on the dock and professed what he truly thought of Friendly and the others, the people of the town realized that what Terry was saying is correct, and they eventually regained there respect for Terry.

Malcolm X :: essays research papers

Malcolm X is born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska. His life is full of discrimination and racial violence. When Malcolm as a child he moved to Michigan with his family where they continue to experience persecution and violence. White people murder Malcolm’s father and forced his mother into a mental hospital. Malcolm moves to Boston, to live with his half-sister, Ella. In Boston Malcolm quickly becomes involved in urban nightlife. Malcolm was into gambling, drinking, doing drugs, and dating an older white woman, Sophia. He then moves to New York, where he begins working as a hustler in Harlem. Malcolm’s various jobs there include running numbers, selling drugs, and steering white people to black brothels. When life becomes too dangerous is Harlem, he returns to Boston, where he becomes a house burglar and is eventually arrested. In prison, Malcolm transforms himself, converting to the branch of Islam promoted by the Nation of Islam. Inspired by faith, Malcolm stops us ing drugs, he reads voraciously, prays, and studies English and Latin. The prison releases Malcolm on parole. Malcolm rises quickly from the rank of temple assistant in Detroit to the Nation’s first national minister. Malcolm X becomes known throughout the United States, even outside of Muslim circles, as a fiery advocate for black unity and militancy. The Nation of Islam’s leaders resent and fear Malcolm despite his allegiance to their cause, and they suspend him from the organization. The Nation of Islam’s frustration with Malcolm intensifies, and Malcolm begins receiving death threats. After a divisive argument with Elijah Muhammad the leader of Nation of Islam, Malcolm leaves organisation.

Basketball: Visual Perception and Eye

Does crossed hand-eye dominance affect free throw shooting in basketball? The purpose of this experiment is to learn about crossed hand eye dominance and help increase free throw percentage in basketball. Some further investigations could include testing if crossed hand-eye dominance effected hand-eye coordination, if air pressure will affect the dynamics of ball bouncing, or if people that are left-dominant or right-dominant affect any certain thing. First, the eye dominance test was conducted, which determines the dominant eye. From that it is determined if the subject was crossed hand eye dominant, or uncrossed hand eye dominant.Does crossed hand-eye dominance affect free throw shooting in basketball? Hand-eye dominance and how it affects basketball shooting are the focus of what is expected to learn about. The idea of having a dominant hand (being left-handed or0 right-handed) is familiar to everyone. What may not be so familiar is the concept of a dominant eye. Most people are a ccustomed to using both eyes together, and don't think much about situations where it might matter if one eye is dominant over the other. When shooting free throws in basketball, players often hold the ball up at face-level when preparing for the shot.In this position, the ball can easily block (at least partially) the eye on the same side of the body as the shooting hand. For shooters with uncrossed hand and eye dominances, this would mean that the dominant eye was partially blocked. For shooters with crossed hand and eye dominances, this would mean that the non-dominant eye was partially blocked. Clearly, basketball players must use their vision to locate the target and judge distance and line before skills take over to send the ball on its way. Hand and eye dominance must work together to help ones score baskets.Crossed hand eye dominance alone will not help ones score, but with other factors involved, it might help one score a basket. If one is crossed hand-eye dominant, then th eir shooting percentage will increase because when players shoot free throws, they often hold the ball up at face-level when preparing for the shot. In this position, the ball can easily block the eye on the same side of the body as the shooting hand. For shooters with uncrossed hand and eye dominances, this would mean that the dominant eye was partially blocked. For shooters with crossed hand and eye ominances, this would mean that the non-dominant eye was partially blocked. The independent variable is if you are cross hand-eye dominant, and the dependent variable is how many free-throws you make. Eye dominance refers to the eye that the brain prefers, or one that has stronger processing in the brain than the other. People usually have one eye that likes to take over when binocular vision is impaired, or one eye that is more sensitive to visual discrimination. During suppression, when the brain chooses to process only one eye, the other eye is in essence shut down.Usually it makes no difference in correcting for visual defects with eyeglasses or contacts. Data from previously done experiments support this hypothesis. One experiment done by Keith Hines and Robert Thurman stated that crossed hand-eye dominant people have a higher free throw percentage than uncrossed hand-eye dominant people. Another experiment proved the same results. This project was conducted by Ashton W. Pomrehn, who found that crossed hand-eye dominance has a positive effect on basketball players.It makes logical sense that crossed hand-eye dominance would have a positive effect on free throw percentage because if you have uncrossed hand-eye dominance, your dominant eye is blocked by the hand shooting the basketball. According to an article in â€Å"Experimental Psychology,† the proper sequence of vision and action in shooting a basketball is not conclusively affected by crossed hand-eye dominance. Experiments testing the accuracy of basketball players shooting the ball through a var iety of visual stimuli showed that, among other things, individuals tend to adjust to whatever dominant hand-eye combination they possess.Shooting a basketball simply reflects their hand-eye skills in general. Some key terms are: dominance- the normal tendency for one side of the brain to be more important than the other in controlling certain functions, as speech and language: crossed- mixed, usually with two components; and, eye dominance- the tendency to prefer visual input from one eye to the other. More key terms are: Hand dominance- the preference of one hand to perform fine and gross motor tasks; and, crossed hand eye Dominance- having opposite dominances in eyes and hands.There are a few key points to know while conducting this experiment. â€Å"Eye Dominance† refers to the eye that the brain â€Å"prefers† or one that has stronger â€Å"processing† in the brain than the other. People usually have one eye that likes to â€Å"take over† when binocu lar vision is impaired, or one eye that is more sensitive to visual discrimination. During suppression, when the brain â€Å"chooses† to process only one eye, the other eye is â€Å"shut down†. Usually it makes no difference in correcting for visual defects with eyeglasses or contacts.

Assignments Physical Activity, Disease and Public Health

Obesity is becoming a leading killer disease in the world. The changing nature of life has led to change in lifestyle which has led to increased cases of lifestyle diseases.   It is estimated that more than half of the population of United States is obese or overweight.However epidemiological studies show ethnic and racial dimension with regard to prevalence of obesity in the population. African Americans especially African American women have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to other races.There are many genetic and environmental factors which have been predisposing African Americans to increased cases of obesity. Obesity does not only affect health and social life of the individual but it is also a gateway to development of many other chronic illnesses.   If not well managed, obesity leads to other terminal illnesses like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and others.Change in diet and tendency towards a sedentary lifestyle have been identified as the leading causes of ob esity all over the world.   The increasing prevalence of obesity in the population has been correlated with myriad of environmental, behavioral, physiological, and genetic factors.   Attenuated metabolic response to the exposures in the environmental combined with a number of predisposing factors and low level of energy expenditure leads to   positive energy balance which increases body weight.Several researches have underpinned the importance of diet modification and exercise in reducing body weight. However the emphasis has been mainly on diet modification with less attention on the role of exercises. Regular exercises can help to burn the excess body fats leading to reduction of obesity.In this study we are going to review a number of studies which have looked into the role of exercise in the management of obesity. The study   review a total of 10 studies from American Journal of Nutrition, JAMA, British Journal of Sports Medicine, and many   other renown medical sites. The key search words used include obesity, African Americans, Body Mass Index, and physical activitiesObesityObesity is one of the growing health problems in the world. Since the mid 20th century, the number of obese individuals in the population has been growing at an alarming rate due to the changing nature of our life.   The high prevalence of overweight and obesity is a great concern for adults, children, and adolescents not only in the United States but also in the rest of the world.  Obesity can be defined as increase in body weight due to accumulation of fat tissues. Individual weight status is usually determined by the Body Mass Index, which is a ratio of individual’s weight to height.   Body mass index has been shown as one of the most effective tools to assess the level of risk from individual weight. Obesity can be described as accumulation of fast on the body due to a positive energy balance.The food we eat is used up for body metabolism processes and the r est is stored as fats in the body adipose tissues.   If we eat too much and engage in fewer exercises, there is that energy balance in the body that is converted to fat.   Therefore the more we eat or the higher calorie foods that we eat, the more we gain weight and we end up being obese.According to the body mass index measure, a health individual should have a BMI of 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2. The following table shows the classification of BMI and the body weight status.

China and Foreign Direct Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

China and Foreign Direct Investment - Essay Example The greater part of FDI in China has originated from other areas of Asia excluding Japan, Hong Kong which is a self governing region of china has the largest record, however the dominance of Hong Kong is illusory in that much of the FDI is from elsewhere, in fact the stock listed as Hong Kong source FDI in China is just Chinese domestic investment round tripped through Hong Kong. Additional FDI in China listed as Hong Kong in origin is in actuality from a variety of western countries and Taiwan that is sited in China via intermediaries. Unfortunately, published records do not exist to point out exactly how much FDI in China that is supposedly from Hong Kong is in fact attributable to other countries. Foreign Direct Investment in its characteristic structure is described as a company from one country making a physical investment in another country for example building a factory (Allen et al 2005). The definition can also encompass investments made to purchase lasting interests in business ventures operating outside the economy of the shareholder. Over the past decade, the direction of foreign direct investment (FDI) in to and from Taiwan has experienced spectacular changes. Whereas the flow of FDI at best languished, the outflow ascended to extraordinary heights, with 20% of annual growth rate. Seeing that the international competitiveness of labour intensive industries in Taiwan reduced, they have shifted from offshore to cheaper labour cost places (Buckley & Mark 2002). Through this process the mainland especially china, has grown to become the preferred destination for Taiwanese FDI nevertheless considerable flows have also gone to the Americans and to Europe, a detail which h as often been disregarded. Meryll Lynch China (ML China) has been the most striking due to its outsized collection of cheap labour, its export advertising strategy which has shared favourably with Taiwan's returns in export-oriented FDI (Allen et al 2005); and the unique customs, language and family association links connecting ML China and Taiwan. Even though Taiwanese FDI in China was formally made acceptable in 1991; ever since 1978 China's policy of drawing flows of FDI had a substantial impact of ML china. In addition some sources report that even before 1991, Taiwanese capital has been moving indirectly to ML china via Hong Kong (Buckley & Mark 2002) An imperative issues concerning Taiwanese FDI in ML China, on the other hand is long term maintainability. Due to the size ( most are small scale) of several of these venture projects and their repeatedly low value added and fundamental technology, they are not in line with ML China's current main concern of increasing the quality of inflows of FDI. This great share of small scale low technology ventures in ML China powerfully contrast to the sizes of Taiwanese FDI projects in other destinations which on average own considerably higher personified technology and possible valued added (Chow 2002). The China Japan Link The current developments in the economic trends have seen Japan and China emerge as the East Asia newly industrialized economies (NIE's) of the region. Other economic powers in the region include Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Singapore and are united in an alliance called the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

The NSA, Government Spying, and Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The NSA, Government Spying, and Privacy - Essay Example Business records and domestic phone calls got recorded (Lee 1). Snowden also releases that the NSA has been spying on the foreign leaders. From the report, it had targeted at least 35 leaders. The Agency also spies on ordinary people overseas. It has been collecting data from common people, as in Germany and Brazil. The Agency also tracked the telephone location around the world (Lee 1). The agency does not have the authority to target the cell phone users deliberately in the US, but it collected the phone records incidentally. With nine major internet companies, the PRISM program lets the National Security Agency and access to the private user data on the online services. Snowden reveals that the companies comprise of the Google, Microsoft, YouTube, Facebook, Pal Talk, Yahoo, Skype, Apple, and AOL. The program enables NSA to get private information such as stored documents, Facebook messages, and emails (Lee 1). The NSA uses the Tailored Access Operations in hacking a wide variety of business IT systems and consumer gadgets. It also taps long distance internet connections. The agency works with countries around the world and taps into fiber optic cables known to carry much fiber optic data. Moreover, NSA has also intercepted the data flowing from Yahoo and Google data centers. From the encryption as one log into Gmail is an example in which the Agency harvested the bulk user data. The agency has also been collecting information on the internet usage of American citizens between the years 2001 to 2011 (Lee 1). NSA has also undermined the security of encryption products by persuading technology companies to make their products exploitable. Modification of the product was to make them vulnerable to attacks by the agency. The company has also been using tracking cookies in choosing hacking targets. In 2013, the company cracked one of the most popular encryption standards, A5 and intercepted contents of the cell

Importance of ERP systems for its success in the business environment Dissertation

Importance of ERP systems for its success in the business environment through solutions - Dissertation Example The constant support and guidance helped in gaining multiple perspectives and understanding over the research topic. The researcher would also like to thank his professors for offering profound insights on the research topic along with helping in forming deeper understanding over the research topic. The researcher feels proud of his University on offering all the possible help and support by allowing access to the library and electronic sources. This helped in exploring the research area in a systematic manner. The help and support of family and friends often act as a support system and the researcher would like to thank his family members for being there and supporting him during the research process. Their constant motivation and guidance helped in being positive and enthusiastic while conducting the research. The researcher feels happy to state the significance of friends in terms of offering critical views and opinions along with helping in thinking differently through logical di scussions. The support and cooperation of friends helped in gaining multiple insights over the research topic along with being critical in assessing personal understanding of the research topic. Overall, the researcher would like to thank everyone who has been a constant support and medium of motivation in the research process. ... The introduction chapter introduces the research topic along with stating the aim, objectives and research questions. The chapter also explains the scope of the research topic along with highlighting its rationale. The literature review helped in investigating the elements of the ERP along with exploring its benefits and risks in the competitive business environment. The literature review also helped in investigating issues and reasons resulting in the success and failure of the ERP systems. In order to explore more, a robust research methodology has been designed using positivism research philosophy and deductive research approach to analyse secondary data and information. The findings and analysis revealed that ERP Systems succeed mainly because of the organisational culture and support, cooperation and acceptance offered by internal stakeholders. The case studies of Dell and Fox Meyer revealed that Dell succeeded in its ERP implementation mainly because of effective and judicious planning while Fox Meyer failed because there was no planning and human resources were not trained or skilled enough to handle the challenges and complexities of ERP systems. Overall, it was concluded that in order to derive benefits from ERP systems, it is important to understand the use and purpose of ERP along with assessing the organisational culture and stakeholders’ acceptance for the ERP Systems. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1.Introduction 5 1.1introduction 5 1.2 Research Aim 6 1.3 Research Objectives 6 1.4 Research Questions 6 1.5 Research Topic within the Current Academic Literature 7 1.6 Relevance of the Research Topic 9 1.7: Contemporary Nature of the Study 10 1.8 Summary 10 Chapter 2.0 Literature Review 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Elements and Modules of ERP 11 2.3

Reading and Comprehension of Scientific Writing Coursework

Reading and Comprehension of Scientific Writing - Coursework Example The module â€Å"Evaluating Student’s Understanding of Chemical Bonding† by Tan and Teagrust (1999) is a study that evaluates the understanding of students about the topic Chemical Bonding. The results of the study became a tool for better approach that can be used in the academe to help students understand the topic easily. The main purpose of the context is already given on the title. There are subtitles that reveal the various topics that provide better analysis of the context. Based on the subtitles, it can be seen that the paper is all about the understanding of the topic Chemical Bonding for students learning such as the definition of the problem of the students, the diagnosing treatment and instrument, results of their diagnosis, and lastly the conclusion. The paper â€Å"Evaluating Student’s Understanding of Chemical Bonding† is a paper that evaluates student’s learning capacity through the use of a â€Å"two-tier multiple choice diagnostic instrument†. Accordingly, students encounter problems in understanding the concept. The diagnostic assessment provides an alternative way of teaching student 14-16 years about the topic. As a result, the assessment instrument proves to be an easy to administer tool where students can learn the topic better and easier. The tool uses alternative conception that is summarized in the given Figure (figure 1: The Concept of Chemical Bonding). The Figure serves as a concept map showing the concepts included and their interconnections with each other. It provides better understanding of the topic through the given diagram. Every topic included in the Chemical Bonding context is interconnected with other topic where their relationship was shown through the lines. The second article â€Å"Chemical Bonding† by Thompson and Staley (nd) is a comprehensive paper about the topic chemical bonding. The paper is filled with diagrams for the better understanding of the topic. The subject matter is subdivided

The Effect of Budgeting on Nursing Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Effect of Budgeting on Nursing Care - Essay Example Keywords: budgeting, nursing care, nursing leadership, quality care, cost control Introduction In this literature review, the proponent wants to emphasize the substantial effect of budgeting on nursing care. The proponent seeks to find answers as to what are the probable impacts of budgeting on nursing care by using reputable sources from reliable researches in this field. This in particular would prove that changing nursing practice would have substantial impact on budgeting and eventually on the prevailing quality of nursing care. The article written by Gordon, Buchanan and Bretherton (2010) suggests the importance of contemplating on the issue of controlling health care costs while making sure that there is substantial number when it comes to nurse-to-patient ratios. This primarily is a good point showing the fact that patients are given with high value of care. On the contrary, as discussed in the said article, nurses have to be forced to accept specific hospital changes just to obtain the above objective. In the long run, this particularly would result to making nursing career a less promising field to be explored and it would further result to crisis in finding the right and necessary skills (Gordon, Buchanan & Bretherton, 2010). There is quite a contradiction in here between the above-mentioned approaches. Pursuing the former would basically lead to lack of human resource in the field of nursing and would even aggravate the prevailing issue about the shortage of nurses around the world (Gordon, Buchanan & Bretherton, 2010). The main arguments The article of Blum (2010) explores governance within health care system, in which all essential laws and institutional concerns can be elaborately applied. Regulatory formats are therefore based on these institutional operations. These institutional formats are remarkably used in order to support major changes within the health care system, making them legal and substantially applicable for the society. The importa nce of Blum’s article in this argument is to point out the fact that whatever changes made in the health care system could be substantially backed up with working regulation in its delivery. In other words, whatever changes within the health care system for as long as it is supported by regulations emancipated by the government, it may still sound legal, but it actually does not fully change the fact that there are other various concerns that need to be taken into account. For example, the stated concern on budget and the quality of nursing care are still covered within this act. The problem is that the governing laws surrounding the health care system could actually justify specific moves, and the very proof of this is the continuing high price for health care system in the United States. It is true that the very purpose of this governance is to come up with financial improvement, improving patient safety and realizing work-force to be more engaged in the health care system. Unfortunately, the problem based on the varying models explicated by Blum is the need to understand better the prevailing leadership involved in health care system. Highly commercialized health-care system may actually try to figure out financial concerns, plus patient

Electric Vehicles Technology Analysis Essay Example for Free

Electric Vehicles Technology Analysis Essay Hybrid electric vehicles are one of the applications of hybrid technology in real modern life; in which it’s currently a high demand technology and is growing rapidly. Although hybrid vehicles weren’t the latest type of transportation technology to be discovered, since they appeared earlier than gasoline vehicles, because of the cost of research and technology they disappeared a prosperous century of gasoline vehicles began. Nowadays, when the world needs green transportation because of high fossil costs and political reasons, hybrid vehicles returned and development into that type of technology is kicking back to full speed. Hybrid vehicles are the combination between electric engines and gasoline engines. Therefore, they inherit all the characteristics of traditional vehicle and add new functions of electric motor to help the vehicles save energy as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Many vehicle manufacturers such as BMW, GMC, and Toyota are applying hybrid technology in producing their cars. One of the main reasons that hybrid vehicle are not as popular as regular gas powered vehicles is their prices. Most consumers don’t want to pay the extra $5,000- to $8,000 price tag to buy a vehicle that they don’t see the instant benefits of. Nevertheless hybrid vehicles will bring the benefits to their users and the environment, but not immediately when they buy the Hybrid vehicle. While in use, Hybrid vehicles will reduce the fuel consumption by an average of 42% which in return would be also good for the environment as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions by about 42% than the usual amount. However, in addition to what Hybrid vehicle offers the public in money savings by consuming less fuel and supporting a greener environment, it also made it possible for the public to accept alternative power sources for their vehicles. Also, hybrid technology has helped expand the research into battery power, battery life and battery size which helped in emerging of newer technology of fully electrical cars that doesn’t use any gas, for example: The Nissan Leaf. In the meanwhile, currently the available fully electrical vehicles (Nissan Leaf) on the market have advantages of totally being gas independent, and faster acceleration than some of the hybrid cars (I personally test drove the Nissan Leaf both on city streets and on the highway and I think it accelerated a lot better than my 2010 Toyota Prius hybrid. ). In my opinion the technology still not fully developed to be the most reliable form of transportation for an individual or a house hold use, since you can’t drive more than 100 miles per full charge as advertised; which I am sure it’s a little bit less based on consumers review (around 75-85 miles per full charge. ) In the near future I can imagine that fully electrical cars be more reliable and go in between 700 to1000 miles per full charge, of course it will take its course of development just like any other new technology that starts small and gets bigger by time. I imagine in the next couple years electrical cars will be able to go anywhere in between 100 to 200 miles per charge, then in the following few years from 200 to 300 miles per full charge, etc†¦ Furthermore, in my opinion I think that gas engines are a thing of the past and I can see in the future Hybrid engines and electrical engines replacing everything that we are using today, from gas powered vehicles to airplanes, from motorcycles to scooters and lawnmower to children toys. In conclusion, the human race is using new technologies to try to fix the harm they caused the environment by creating products that don’t contribute to the pollution of our environment and many consumers hope that hybrid and electrical motors technology would help reduce the pollution and contribute to help save our environment.

Technology Used By Drug Dealers Information Technology Essay

Technology Used By Drug Dealers Information Technology Essay The Report discuss about the case of an arrested drug dealer who is suspected of the operations which are running with the help of laptop. In the first part of the report it gives the details about main technologies which the suspect makes use in order to communicate with his co-conspirators, it also points out the problems posed by the technologies in carrying out the forensic investigation. In the second part the report discuss about the possible sources of evidence which could be obtained from the laptops file system. 2. Computer Forensics: Computer forensics is a branch of forensic science permitting to legal evidence found in computers and digital storage media, it is also known as digital forensics. The goal of computer forensics is to explain the current state of a digital artefact; where as the term digital artefact can includes computer system, storage medium and an electronic document. The subject of computer forensics has evolved into major field in the legal systems around the world, in the year 2002 the FBI stated that fifty percent of the cases the FBI now opens involve a computer[1].similar to the pathological forensic which is called the forensic medicine where as the body temperature cuts and marks etc are looked for, clues and marks are looked within the system memory to get the detail description which effects to the relationship of the crime, these are looked by the digital forensic. We can make a challenge for the digital forensic which involves retrieving the data from the existing or from the deleted files. The challenge of the digital forensic examiner is to To determine what type of pasts have been produced the evidence before us. To understand what type of pasts could not have produced the evidence before us. Able to give a demonstration on the value of the assessment to the third parties which it should be understanding to them. 3. Technology used by drug dealers: According to the current analysis we have to find the answers for the questions that are critical which are the possible key technologies that the drug dealer could possible uses it, There are three questions: Qno1: what is the need for the illicit drug dealers to turn on the computer technologies to run their business? Qno2: What are the attractive technologies that a drug dealer uses to perform his communication with co-conspirators without being caught by the police? Qno3: How and what possible conclusions can be obtained from the analysis? 4. about the new technology: Ans1: answer to the first one is twofold. Ans2: the latest communication technologies used by the drug dealers are To reach the larger audience and to expand the base of the business To run the operations as secretly as possible And not to leave any evidence to the police. According to the current situation the dealings and the business runs by using the mobile phones, mobile phones are the most widely used by the drug dealers for the communication but this trend is changing because now a days the mobiles can be tapped on the network and even if the phone is misplaced or lost then the contacts of all the drug dealers can be revealed and by using the mobile phones they cant communicate in the crowded places. Hence the selection of the new ways of communication is imminent. The advent of modern network technologies like computer to computer communication technologies and social networking websites had made the communication strong and had opened the new ways to communicate through the various places for the each individual. The technologies adopted by the drug dealers for the communication is Spamming net drug dealer gets 30years in prison revealed by CNET news in the year 2007 2nd august Italian drug dealers as early adapters of innovative communications technology revealed by Experiential in the year 2008 23rd august. Google site used by drug gang revealed by BBC news in the year 2005 22nd July. 5. Key technologies used for communications by drug dealers: Listed below are some of the key communication technologies that a drug dealer is believed to be using to perform his operations. 1. Instant messenger programmes 2. Social networking websites 3. VOIP programs 4. Email encryption programs and spamming. 5. Content sharing websites. 6. Private online chat rooms. 7. Blogging and micro blogging websites. Instant messenger Programmes: Instant messenger programmes had been the main source because these are fast and easy and they are available in the market for a quite while now, popular programmes like Google talk, yahoo messenger, windows live messenger, meebo and many other are used by a large number of users. These instant messenger programmes can be linked with free instant messenger chat encryption software which is used to available easily in the internet. IM ENCRYPTO is one such software which can be used in conjunction with the yahoo messenger and establish the secure connections which can only be deciphered by the computer which is having the correct encryption key. Having installed the program need to be generated a key pair which is used for the encryption and decryption, this type of operation is performed on the second stage of IM Crypto configuration wizard, and one more important point about the software is that the others cannot see the chat messages and they only see the garbled set of characters, but this software must be installed by the two parties where the communication is done. Social networking websites: There are so many social networking websites like face book, orkut, Hi5, Friendster MySpace, net log etc, The social networking sites also serve the qualitative purpose of the drug market as majority of the consumers of illegal drugs happen to be teenagers who are also largest spenders of time on the social networking websites and hence they have a great probability of being contacted by a drug dealer. The drug dealer could also use these social networking sites to keep in contact, exchange information, advertise his products, recruit new drug peddlers, and get information on events and student gatherings all at the easy and privacy offered by these websites. Orkut is one such popular website which it is to be operated by the Google which it is on the news on the recent days for the wrong reasons. Criminals such as the drug peddlers establish members-only groups on popular social networking websites and then exchange messages and information with other members. And also the advent of 3G mobile communications ensured mobility and faster connectivity to the internet. Hence the drug dealers can communicate through social networking websites right from their mobile phones using unsecure wifi hot spots and hence get away un-detected. Similar to Instant messenger programmes, the social networkings websites can also used on the 3G phones and hence pose a danger of highly secure communication channel to the drug peddlers. VOIP programmes: VoIP programmes could very well be the most popular and useful communication between the drug dealers because softwares like Skype is so useful in the communication because it offers with the less cost and even it is the secured communication Skype has been the most used software in the VoIP programmes which are followed by windows messenger and yahoo messenger. These VoIP programmes is that which it helps the drug dealers to communicate by the voice and by the video with their customers through the internet, it is the most secure communication to the drug dealers and these conversations cannot be intercepted by the police. According to the Reports in BBC website, officers in milian say organised crime, arms and drug traffickers, and prostitution rings are turning to Skype in order to frustrate investigators. www.bbc.com stated that on 20/05/2010 that the Italy police warn of Skype threat Skype programme is secure because it uses the encryption system and it is easily available in the market where as the encryption system the company keeps the issue confidential and even it does not discloses to the law enforcement agencies. So according to the sources available in VoIP programmes the drug dealers uses this communication to perform their operations. Email encryption programmes and spamming: Data encryption is the source where it is done in a process because nobody can read the data or message expects the person whom the data is addressed. Drug dealers will very well make use of the different email encryptions like pipeline exchange, certified mail, read notify, which these encryptions work with the e-mail clients like Microsoft-outlook. Drug dealers send the spam messages to the people through email about their business, they use the email communication as the source to their advertisements in free off costs we have seen so many spam messages appear in Google mail accounts. Recently a famous website named www.pcworld.idg.com stated on 17/05/2010 that drug dealing spammers hits the Gmail accounts Encryption is a technique that it changes the data into a gibberish value by using the mathematical algorithms this helps the drug dealers to communicate the data to the addressed person, and no other can read the data, gibberish value means the data will be written in technical word or in the meaningless sentences, if the recipient has the confidential key needed to decrypt the message the date will be changed back to the original message. The increasing phenomenon taking place in the internet is that if the criminals hiring the spammers and the specialists in IT, because the can promote the website where the drugs can be sold illegally. But these types of spammed websites can be quickly discovered, but the drug tracking dealers use the different multiple layers. 5. Content sharing websites: Content sharing websites like mega upload, rapid share, Z Share etc are used by the drug dealers for communication and also torrent sharing websites are used for the communication. Websites like p2p sharing programmes and client softwares are also used by the drug dealers for the communication. Drug dealers use this because these types of websites can share the more content and can uses to upload or download for minimum of 10mb for free off cost. Whereas the lime wire, bit torrent, u torrent helps to upload or download the torrent files in the internet which these comes under the p2p sharing programmes. But compared to the other communications used by the drug dealers this is little bit slower but is secured. 6. Private online chat rooms: Private online chat rooms offer drug dealers and other criminals such as terrorists with secure communication channels where exchange of information can only be understood by the communicating end users this is a form of synchronous conferencing which it exchanges text messages on the internet. Encryption technologies like SSL are applied by the private chat rooms because to make it impossible to access their conversations to any interceptor and even makes impossible to build evidence. 7. Blogging and micro blogging websites: Similar to the social networking websites the drug dealers uses the websites like twitter they form the members in groups, where they can make messages and information and this information can be made updated daily and it can reach all the members and in the groups in that network, this way of communication is secure and fast. Which it provides a most secure and fast mode of communication to the drug dealers, and no large chunks of data will be transferred as in a VoIP call or no packet sniffers can be used to intercept keywords in emails and in instant messages. Drug dealers places their advertisements in the famous websites like they simply put an option to click if the button is clicked it directly goes to the websites of the drug dealers and it is accessed , using these type blogs by drug dealers develop their drug business. 6. Conclusions: As per the above analysis the most secure and used communication by the drug dealers is the VoIP programme softwares because this uses the Skype software and it is used with free of cost and secure of all the communication because it provides video calling and then the drug dealers can be sure that they are talking to the right person and the information that they are transmitting is reaching the right person and the Skype software is easy to access and is easy for the installation. The most important plus point in Skype is the impenetrable security aspect which the drug dealers can understand very well and hence use the system without putting their identities and information. Another key observation from the above analysis is that the drug dealers mainly follows the encryption techniques as the mode of communication, because they largely dependent on the encryption techniques .Be it the encrypted email, encrypted instant messenger programmes etc. All these technologies use method of encryption system that makes the flowing information gibberish to anyone other than the person with the right key to decrypt the message. Hence the computer forensics experts can easily find out the cracks and codes for those type of encryption and decryption methods and nab the criminals and can mount an evidence against them. 7. Analysis of possible sources evidence in the laptop file system: Extraction of evidence from a computer file system and from other digital devices like mobile phones and PDAs usually deals with the extraction of the contents of the files and the folders which are available in the laptop file system. It also deals with the extracted content from the files and folders as the interpreted data where as the interpreted data can be used for the process of the ongoing investigation to complete the digital forensic. Even though it reveals all the data, it is difficult and hard to the digital forensic expert to find out and it poses the real challenge. This section of the report deals with the discussion on the possible places where evidence may be found on the laptop file system. It also deals in finding the relative importance of the evidence by classifying it on the basis of the evidence obtained and the sources of the evidence obtained. 8 .Sources of evidence in the laptop file system: In order to understand the possible places in the file system we have to understand the file system and the technologies used for it They should have a technical knowledge on Software packages present on the laptop The operating system of the laptop The file systems in the laptop The type data organization that is available in the laptop. The forensic analysis on the seized laptop of the drug dealer would certainly contain thousands if not millions of files. Each of these files can be broadly classified into either user created files system files There may be a number of locations to look for on the file systems and therefore it is important to make a note. Possible locations of finding digital evidence: Email files. Calendars. Address books. Documents or text files. Bookmarks and favourites Text and document files. Image or graphic files Compressed files. Hidden files. Audio files Video files. Spread sheet files. Shared files. Downloaded files Uploaded files. The possible locations under the system created files are Log files Swap files History files Temporary files Back up files System files Cookies Printer files Hidden files Configuration files Storage files Large files Data files Drive files Apart from the user created files and the system files there are number of other places to look for evidences such as Computer date Computer time Computer password Deleted files Slack space Free space Bad clusters Unallocated space System areas Lost clusters Meta data. Deleted files Reserved areas Software registration Other partitions Software information The most popular types of file systems are two types FAT type NTFS system FAT stands for file allocation table, an understanding of the file system is important for the effective forensic analysis. NTFS system allows the file encryption and folder encryption where as it is not possible in the FAT32 system. The disk organisation is also an important concept to be understand for the effective analysis File allocation tables, adding and deleting files, partitions and master boot records and the patterns behind them can give a very useful insight to the investigation. The recovery of deleted files is another aspect of digital forensic investigation. The recovery of deleted files can be obtained by using debugging. 9. Conclusions: As discussed earlier even though a large amount of data can be obtained from a digital device such as laptop and from a PDA that is seized from drug dealer. But the problem for the forensic expert is to find the authentic evidence which can be presentable in the court. The common and known challenges to authenticity of digital evidence are Authenticating content. Alterations Authorship. Authenticating content: So many several cases have considered that to authenticate at the same time what foundation is necessary for the contents and appearance of a website. Web pages which are having URL and having date stamp are not self-authenticating. So, according to the analysis courts require testimony of a person with knowledge of the websites appearance to authenticate images of that website Alterations: As per the analysis the computer electronic records are easy to alter, even the opposing parties often allege that computer records lack the authenticity. Courts have rejected arguments that electronic evidence is inherently unreliable because of its potential for manipulation. Authorship: Although handwritten records may be penned in a distinctive handwriting style, computer-stored records do not necessarily identify their author; there is a particular problem with the internet communications. For example internet technologies permit users to send effectively anonymous emails, and internet relay chat channels permit users for communication without revealing their real names.